Activity #2 The Periodic Chart

Key for Element Models
Green Kisses-Protons
Red Kisses-Neutrons
Cotton Balls-Electrons

#1 Atomic Number
Hydrogen-1
Helium-2
Boron-5

#2 Atomic Mass Number
Hydrogen- 1.00794
Helium-4.00260
Boron- 10.811

#3 Equal Subatomic Particles
Hydrogen- Protons and Electrons
Helium-Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
Boron- Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

#4 Making Helium and Isotope
To make helium into an Isotope I would have to take away a neutron.  This would give Helium two protons and one neutron creating an Isotope.  The mass of the element would thus change when it become an Isotope. 

#5 Volume of an Atom
Most of the Volume of an Atom is made up of empty Space. 

#6 Excited Boron Element
An atom is said to be in an excited state when a flame or other source supplies energy to an atom and an electron jumps from the lowest possible level to a higher level. 

#7 What happens when an electron returns to the ground state
When an electron goes from a ground state to an excited state it is gaining energy and an electron jumps from a lower level to a higher level.  When it returns to the ground state it releases that energy and is emitted in the form of a visual wavelength.  With the visible wavelength we then see a color emitted with the release of energy.  For example: Boron burns green!

#8 Why Elements are different colors when they are Excited
Colors are produced from the movement of the electrons in the metal ions present in the compounds.  When you heat the element electrons can jump to any of the empty orbitals at higher levels.  Each of these jumps require a certain amount of energy being released as light energy, each corresponding to a color. 

#9  Elements used in Firework Colors
Aluminum-  Produces silver and white flames and some sparks.
Antimony- is used to create Firework glitter.
Barium-used to create green coloring.
Calcium-this is used to deepen firework colors, and calcium salts are used to create orange colors.
Copper-these compounds produce blue colors. 
Lithium- this places a red color in fireworks
Phosphorous- this element brings in the glow in the dark effects.
Sodium- this imparts a gold or yellow color to fireworks.

#10 Organizational Structure of the Periodic Table
When reading the periodic table from left to right they are arranged in increasing atomic numbers (protons) Each period (going across) increases in atomic number.  As you go down a period they have one more ring of electrons. There are columns, called groups, these elements have the same number of valance eletrons giving them similar activity levels.  Also there are metals on the left, non metals on the right, and metalloids along the zig zag line that divides the metals and non metals.  Inert gases are on the far right. 

#11 Example Elements;
Alkali Metals:  Sodium (Na) and Lithium (Li)
Alkaline Earth: Magnesium (Mg) and Calcium (Ca)
Halogens: Flourine (F) and Bromine (Br)
Noble Gases:  Helium (He) and Neon (Ne)
Transition Metals: Scandium (Sc) and Copper (Cu)
Non Metals:  Oxygen (O) and Nitrogen (N)
Metalloids: Boron (B) and Arsenic (As)